Atheroma formation and atherosclerosis
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What is atherosclerosis?
Fat deposition in the walls of arteries which results in progressive thickening and hardening of the arterial wall.
What are the three main arteries around the body affected by atherosclerosis?
Coronary arteries Cerebral arteries Peripheral arteries
List some examples of non-modifiable risk factors of Cardiovascular disease.
Age Gender Ethnicity Family history
List some examples of modifiable risk factors of Cardiovascular disease.
High blood pressure Type 2 diabetes High cholesterol Obesity Exercise Smoking
What are the possible drug treatments to prevent atherosclerosis and its complications?
Hyperlipidemia (Statins) Hypertension (Anti-hypertensive drugs)
What is atheroma?
Atherosclerotic plaques Abnormal accumulation of fatty acids
What are the 4 steps in the formation of an atheroma?
Endothelial dysfunction Endothelial cell injury Accumulation of cholesterol (creating foam cells) Fibrous cap formation
What happens and how does a plaque rapture?
When the cap is thick, the plaque is stable. thin capped atherosclerotic plaques are more prone to rupture and erosion causing thrombosis