Integumentary System
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What is the integumentary system?
The largest body organ that includes skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands.
Key facts about the integument?
Largest system, 16% of body weight, and covers 1.5–2.0 m².
Integument varies based on..?
Height, weight, age, gender, and body proportions.
Main functions?
Protection, Vitamin D production, sensation, temperature regulation, and excretion.
How does it provide protection?
It’s the first defense against bacteria, viruses, UV rays, and dehydration.
Why is Vitamin D important?
It is needed for calcium absorption.
How does the skin allow sensation?
Through sensory receptors.
How does it regulate body temperature?
Vessels dilate when hot and constrict when cold.
How does the skin help with excretion?
Waste products are removed in sweating
What two main parts make up the skin?
• Cutaneous Membrane • Accessory Structures.
What is the cutaneous membrane?
The epidermis and dermis.
What are accessory structures of the skin?
• Hair • nails • exocrine glands
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
What are the major visible layers of the skin?
Hair, epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and muscle.
What is the epidermis? 5 points
• Outermost layer of skin. • protective barrier • prevents water loss. • gives skin its color. • avascular layer made of keratinocytes.
What’s the epidermis role?
Works as your skin’s shield and gets a fresh new layer every 28 days.
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
Stratum: Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale.
What is the stratum corneum?
The outer horn layer of skin that’s water-resistant and gets replaced every 2 weeks.
Where is the stratum lucidum only found in? and where specifically in the body?
• clear layer found only in thick skin • found in palms and soles
What is the stratum granulosum?
The grainy layer made of flattened keratinocytes that produce keratin.
What is the stratum spinosum?
The spiny layer with cells that have thick pre-keratin filaments.
What cells does the Stratum Spinosum contain?
• contains Langerhans cells for immune defense.
What is the stratum basale? what is it above? and what does it form?
The deepest epidermal layer, right above the dermis, and it forms the fingerprints (Epidermal Ridges).
What is the main role of the stratum basale? Connects?? Contians??
Connects the epidermis to the dermis and contains basal (germinative) cells.