Human Nutrition
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Define vitamin
A group of organic compounds that are required in small quantities
Overconsumption of sugar causes
Obesity CHD Hypertension Type 2 diabetes Rotten teeth
Overconsumption of fat causes
Weight gain Cholesterol Hypertension CHD Heart attack
Overconsumption of meat cause
Constipation Weight gain Hypertension
Overconsumption of meat cause
Constipation Weight gain Hypertension
Overconsumption of salt cause
Hypertension Strokes Osteoporosis Stomach cancer Kidney disease
Define Starvation
Not getting sufficient food
Kwashiorkor
Severe protein deficiency Loss of muscle mass Enlarged tummy Brittle hair
Maramus
Severe protein energy defiance Abnormally thin and weak
Problems that contribute to famine or starvation
Unequal distribution of food Drought and flooding Increasing population
How to calculate Body Mass Index
BMI= body mass/ height squared
Define malnutrition
Not eating a balanced diet Diet of nutrients is not enough or to much
Scurvy
Diefiency of Vitamin C Swollen bleeding gums Easy bruising Loose teeth
Why do you bruise easily when you have scurvy
Scurvy weakens blood vessel walls
Obesity
Excessive food intake Lack of physical activity Hypertension CHD Type 2 diabetes Cancer Depression
Constipation and colon cancer
Low fibre diet and dehydration Fewer that 3 bowl movements per week Faceas is dry and hard
Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary arteries that supply your heart muscle with blood, O2 and nutrients become damaged Caused by high blood cholesterol
Define a balanced diet
A diet which contains all the 7 food groups or nutrients in the correct quality and quantity for growth and repair to stay healthy and to provide energy.
Growing children need…
More protein Extra calcium Carbs for energy
Puberty and adolescence need…
More protein for hormones Iron for girls (menstruation) Calcium for boys (thickening bones)
Elders need…
Calcium and Vitamin (prevent osteoporosis) Vitamin C supplements Less carbs Less protein
Why do pregnant women need extra protein?
Growth of the fetus
Why do pregnant women need extra calcium?
Bones and teeth of the fetus Also breastmilk
Why do pregnant women need extra iron?
Collagen for the fetus