Topic 2: Chemical Changes & Structure
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what are all elements composed of?
one type of atom and are in their simplest form
what do elements in a group have?
similar physical and chemical properties and they show trends
What elements are liquids?
bromine, mercury and francium
what 11 elements are gasses? (probably don’t need to memorize?)
helium neon nitrogen oxygen fluorine chlorine argon krypton xenon radon oganesson
what is group 1 referred to as?
the alkali metals (very reactive)
what is group 7 referred to as?
halogens (normal reactive?)
what is group 0 (or 8) referred to as?
the noble gasses (non-reactive/very low reactivity in some cases)
what subatomic particles are in an atom?
protons (+) electrons (-) neutrons (n)
where are electrons found in an atom?
the space outside of the nucleus called the orbitals. sometimes called electron shells or electron energy levels or electron clouds
where are neutrons and protons found in an atom?
in the nucleus (center of the atom)
what is the mass and charge of a proton?
1 amu and +1
what is the mass and charge of a neutron?
1 amu and 0
what is the mass and charge of an electron?
1/1830 amu and -1
what is the charge of an atom?
neutral, same number of protons and electrons cancel eachother out
how do you find the number of protons in an atom?
the atomic number = protons number
how do you find the mass number of an atom?
number of protons + number of neutrons
what is nuclide notation?
it’s used to show the atomic number, mass number (and charge) of atoms(and ions) from which the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons can be determined
what does the atomic number determine in subatomic particle?
how many protons and how many electrons (the same as each other unless it’s an ion)
how to do nuclide notation
y = mass no. Z = atomic symbol x = atomic no.
how to find pen data from a nuclide notation?
p = atomic no. e = atomic no. (Aswell as any ion symbols) n = mass no. - atomic no. = to make mass no. add neutron and protons (Electrons have basically no mass)
What number of electrons can a full orbital hold?
A definite number of electrons
How do electrons fill in an orbital/how are they ordered in the electron arragement? (Also for a target diagrams order)
The nearest level to the nucleus outwards /from the inside out
What is the max for each level to hold in an orbital/electron arrangement?
First can only hold 2 Second can only hold 8 And the third can only hold 8 (simplification for Nat 5)
What do the groups tell us about the outer shells abundance?
The groups are the same as the number of electrons in the outer shell (like group 1 all have 1 electron in their outer shells)