C4/5 Acids, Bases and Titrations + NPK :(

-Hydrogen+ ions -In aqueous solution

• OH - • Hydroxide

• Scale from 0 to 14 • Measures how acidic something is • 7 is neutral

• OH- + H+ –> H20 • water

• Universal Indicator • colour change from red to purple • subjective colour change • phenolphthalein- colourless (acid) or pink (Alkali) • distinct colour change

• Procedure where a solution of a known concetration • is used to determine one of an uknown

• Fill the burette with acid –> measure volume accurately (drippy tall one) • Add 25cm3 of alkali to concical flask using pipette –> fixed volume (uses the epi pen/ ballon) • place on white tile • Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein into the aklali in the conical flask • Take reading from the burrette of acid, add acid, swirling conituously until a colour change • colourless –> pink • repeat again (this time you know when to slow down) • add drop by drop at the end • Record how much aicd was used (initially reading of acid - what is left in the burrette) • Repeat until concordant results are achieved

• results that are within • 0.1cm3 of each other

• READ REALLY CAREFULLY • Use a table • Fill in mol, vol, conc • use equation mol = vol x conc

• Completely ionise in solution • Hydrochloric acid • Sulfuric acid • Nitric acid

• If pH decreases by 1 • Concentration increases by factor 10

• Partially ionises in solution • Reversible • Ethanoic acid • Citric acid

• High/ low concentration of H+ ions • higher conc = lower pH

• Nitrogen • Phosphorus • Potassium • a formulation

• Nuetralisation reactions • acid + ammonia –> salt • ammonia + nictric acid –> ammonium nitrate

• Potassium chloride = mined • Potassium sulphate = mined • Phosphate rock = mined BUT is insoluble

• React with acid

• calcium nitrate

• Single super phosphate

• triple super phosphate