Chapter 12.6 synapses
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What is presynaptic neuron
sends the message
what is the postsynaptic neuron
receives message
What are the types of synapses
• Electrical synapses • Direct physical contact between cells • Chemical synapses • Signal transmitted across a gap by neurotransmitters
Describe the electrical synapses
Electrical synapses * Presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are locked together at gap junctions * Ions pass between cells through pores * Local current affects both cells * Action potentials are propagated quickly * Found in some areas of brain, the eye, and ciliary ganglia
Describe the chemical synapses
Only type of synapse between neurons and other cells * Cells are separated by synaptic cleft
What are the types of chemical synapses
• Neuromuscular junction • Synapse between neuron and skeletal muscle cell • Neuroglandular junction • Synapse between neuron and gland cell
Describe a neurotransmitters’
• Chemical messengers contained within synaptic vesicles in axon terminal of presynaptic cell • Released into synaptic cleft • Affect receptors of postsynaptic membrane • Broken down by enzymes • Reabsorbed and reassembled by axon terminal
What is synaptic fatigue
• Occurs when neurotransmitter cannot be recycled fast enough to meet demands of intense stimuli • Response of synapse weakens until ACh is replenished