1.1 States Of Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies volume

Atoms or Ions or Molecules

Particles made up of 2+ covalently bonded atoms

Gas Liquid Solid

Solids have very strong intermolecular forces, are arranged close together in a regular pattern, vibrate around a fixed point in space, have a fixed shape and volume, and are not compressible.

Liquids have moderately strong intermolecular forces, are close together in a random arrangement, move over and around each other, take the shape of the container as they are fluid, have a fixed volume and have almost negligible compressibility

Gases have negligible intermolecular forces and are arranged randomly far apart, they move quickly in straight lines in random distances until they collide and change directions, they take up the shape of their container, expand to fill the volume of the container and are highly compressible

They are physical changes that occur at the melting point (melting,freezing) and the boiling point (boiling, condensing)

Sublimation- dry ice/solid carbon dioxide Deposition- water vapor to frost

The process where a solute in gaseous,liquid or solid form dissolves in a solvent to form a solution

It stays constant as the head added is used to overcome intermolecular forces and move particles further apart

The physical change of a solid to liquid at a melting point unique to each solid due to energy being added, the temperature remains constant as the energy being added is used to overcome intermolecular forces and spread the particles further out.

The change of state fromn liquid to gas to to energy being added. The particles of the liquid gain kinetic energy and move faster. The temperature remains constant as the energy added is being used to overcome the intermolecular forces and spread the particles up. Bubbles form below the surface of the liquid, allowing for particles to escape from the surface and within the liquid.

Surface area Heat/temperature State of air above surface

It doesn’t, it occurs over a range, but the warmer the liquid the faster.

The particles need energy to escape from the surface.

Rate of supply of heat

Boiling occurs at a specific temperature, evaporation over a range. Boiling occurs and the surface and throughout the liquid, evaporation only at the surface. Boiling depends on the rate ofnsupply of heat, evaporation on heat, surface area and state of air above the liquid.

(Reverse also known as deposition) When a solid changes to a gas at a specific temperature unique to each pure substance

When a liquid changes to a solid (the same temperature that it would melt if its a pure substance) at a specific temperature

When a gas changes to a liquid as it cools and the particles lose the energy to keep bouncing off eachother and instead group together, this does not require energy and occurs over a range of temparatures.

The particles gain kinetic energy and move faster and cause more collisions with them selves and the walls of the container. This increases the pressure and the reactions that could occur

The force exerted by gas particles colliding with the walls of their container

When the temperature increases or the volume of the container decreases