Metals
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Metals are put in order of their reactivity. What is the list called
the Electrochemical Series
What is metallic bonding
This is where many positive ions bind together, surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.
What is metallic bonding between (liquids, gases, metals etc..)
Between metals
what does it mean is this sea of delocalised electrons are free to move
This means that metals conduct electricity
How can metals conduct electricity
Delocalised electrons are free to move in metallic bonding
Metal + Oxygen ———>
Metal Oxide
Metal + Dilute Acids ———>
Salt + Hydrogen
Metal + Water ———>
Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
Only the most reactive metals react with water to create –
a metal hydroxide and hydrogen
More, but not all of the metals on the electrochemical series can react with –
dilute acids
Most metals on the series react with Oxygen to create –
a metal oxide
Whatc an be used to extract metals that aren’t very reactive, such as gold
Heat
How do those in the middle of the electrochemical series need to be extracted
by heating with carbon or carbon monoxide.
What is Electrolysis
A process used to break down ionic substances by passing a direct electric current through the substance
More reactive metals (those high up in the electrochemical series) need to be extracted from their ores using –
electrolysis
What does Electrolysis cause
Causes chemical reactions at the electrodes and the decomposition of materials
In what way does Electrical energy move within electrochemical cells
travels from metals high up in the electrochemical series to ones lower down in the electrochemical series
How can a simple electrochemical cell be made
by placing two different metals in an electrolyte solution
how can another type of electrochemical cells be made
By creating two half-cells through placing metals in solutions containing that metal’s ions. These two half calls can be connected using an ion bridge to complete the circuit.
What is oxidation
When an atom loses electrons in a reaction, and the atom is oxidised.
what is reduction
When an atom gains an electron in a reaction and the atom is reduced
what are reducing agents
compounds used in reactions to reduce (give an electron) to another molecule, and in turn are oxidised themselves.
When does a displacement reaction occur
When a compound containing a metal of the electrochemical series mixes with a compound containing another metal lower down on the electrochemical series. The compound with the more reactive metal atoms will displace those of the less reactive metal.