respiratory system
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What are the two jobs of the respiratory system?
extract o2 from the air and remove co2 from the body
What is the respiration equation?
glucose+o2=co2+h2o+energy
around how many times do humans breathe in a day?
20,000
breathing is also known as
ventilation
what are the lungs responsible for?
getting o2 and nutrients to the cells and organs, and removing waste (eg. co2)
what organs are part of the respiratory system?
nose, mouth, larynx (voice box), trachea, bronchi, lungs, pharynx (throat)
what happens to air when you breathe in through the nose
air is moistened, filtered, and warmed
what are cilia?
tiny hairs/finger-like projections that are found in the bronchi that sweep mucus back in the airway and to the heart
where does air pass through?
mouth/nose, pharynx (throat), trachea, left or right bronchi, left or right lung
what causes snoring?
upper airway partially collapses, the tongue falls back on the soft palate that vibrates with each breathe, creating soung
why is the left lung smaller than the right?
to make room for the heart
what are the little sacs in the lungs?
alveoli
what do alveoli do?
gas exchange occurs in them
how many alveoli do we have?
~300,000,000
how does gas exchange work?
diaphragm contracts and pulls down, rib cage expands, air rushes in, diaphragm pushes up and air is pushed out
what is the dome-shaped muscle that helps us breathe?
diaphragm
why do some athletes go to higher altitudes to train?
the body makes more red blood cells because there is less o2 at higher altitudes and so when they come back they have more o2 cause of the red blood cells
what is the fancy word for voice box?
larynx
whar is the fancy word for the throat?
pharynx
how do we make sound?
the 2 vocal cords that are stretched across the larynx have air pass through them which makes them vibrate
what is a hiccup?
involuntary contractions of the diaphragm
what happens when someone has asthma?
a narrowing of the breathing passages/airways. it can be caused by smog, weather, stress etc
what is it called when there isn’t enough o2 in the blood?
hypoxemia
what is emphysema?
when lung tissue is destroyed, typically due to smoking