Chapter 5-The Dairy Industry
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What is the Luis pasture
Pasteurizing and kills bacteria
What are the benefits of milk and milk products
• easily digestible, high quality protein • minerals • vitamins
What is condensed milk
Takes water out of milk, keeps important nutrients
What is a cream separator
Pulls fat to make butter
What is the Babcock cream test
Test amount of fat, used to price
What is homogenization.
Force milk through screen to separate milk globules
What are some major developments in the dairy industry
• milking machine • improved method of processing milk • mechanical refrigeration
What are the leading states
• California • Wisconsin • New York • Idaho • Pennsylvania
What is the percent of milk used and what is the percent of milk by- products
44% for milk and 56% milk by-products
What was the total milk production in 2005
601 lbs dairy products per person - more low fat or non fat and less whole milk
What has happened milk production since 1959
Number how cows have decreased,however, we have more milk production than ever before. We have become more efficient
How many milk cows in 2010
9.12 million
What do newborn dairy cows need and how much of it
Colostrum and 4 lbs
When the calf is born, what happens to it
• separated from dam and dam is milked and managed with producing herd. • fed colostrum for 2 to 3 days
What happens to the extra colostrum
• cannot be sold as milk to consumer - frozen or diluted-2 parts colostrum: 1 part milk and fed to calves
Explain how a calf’s environment should be
• keep calf in clean, dry, draft-free housing - change to whole milk or milk replacement and change is over time
What are some calf feeding procedures
• do not overfeed • feed regularly • keep feeding equipment and pens clean • feed at same temperature
What are some more calf feeding procedures
• must receive milk or milk replacer until they are 6 to 8 weeks old • weaning depends on on functional rumen - feed calf starter(concentrate mix) and high quality hay beginning at seven days of age - fresh clean water always available
What is a nurse cow
A nurse cow used to nurse calves, two or more calves on one cow because she produces too much for one calf
What is the whole milk system and what is the problem with it
You hand feed while milk to calves, it costs too much
What is the milk replacer system
Feed calves milk replacer and it is 1/3 the cost of whole milk
When is a heifer able to begin lactation
24 months of age and is pregnant by 14 or 15 months of age
What are heifers fed for growth
• feed concentrates: 3 to 4 lbs per day - high quality pasture or freed choice hay up to one year of age
In what condition should replacement heifers be in
Should be in good condition, however, should never be too fat. Fat accumulates in the udder.