Neuroscience 1 - Basic structure and function
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What are the four cerebral hemispheres?
Temporal, frontal, parietal, occipital
Pretend you are going clockwise starting at the 9 clock hand. What order are the lobes?
Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal
What does the cerebellum do?
Coordinates motor commands to control movement component of the hindbrain 80% of neurons in human cerebellum
What does the brainstem do?
Connects cortex to spinal cord, rest of body Relay station for sensory/motor info Maintains basic bodily functions like breathing
What does the cerebrum do?
Contains the cortex, as well as subcortical structures like hippocampus and olfactory bulb Divided into right and left hemispheres
What direction is anterior?
Front/nose area
What direction is posterior?
back of the head, where occipital lobe is
What direction is inferior?
Below
What direction is superior?
Above
Which direction is medial?
Towards spinal cord
Which direction is lateral?
Away from the spinal cord
What is the occipital cortex?
It is in charge of visual info Visual pathway Retina -> thalamus -> primary visual cortex (V1) Visual info processed contralaterally Right visual field is processed by the left hemisphere Left visual field is processed by the right hemisphere
What is retinopy or retinotopic organization?
It is the organization of areas of the occipital cortex that are responsible for visual input. Some areas of the cortex have more representation than others. In the occipital cortex, the fovea has the most representation because we pay attention to the center when looking.
What is the temporal lobe in charge of?
auditory processing language and memory
What is the auditory pathway?
Ear/cochlea -> brain stem -> Thalamus -> Primary Auditory Cortex (A1) Auditory info is processed both ipsilaterally and contralaterally
What is tonotopy?
How the region in the temporal lobe (primary auditory cortex) is divided (organized) The bands of the A1 doubles in the intensity of pitch it responds to
What is the superior temporal gyrus?
It is in charge of language comprehension in the temporal cortex STG also active in response to sign languages
What is the hippocampus?
It is in the temporal lobe Important for transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory, spatial memory, and navigation Among first to degrade in Alzheimer’s Has place cells like a topographic representation
What is the parietal lobe?
Sensation (touch) Proprioception Multi-sensory integration
What is the somatotopy or sensory homunculus?
The topographic representation of the primary somatosensory cortex Parts of the body are represented roughly according to their relative position Greater sensation in areas of the body with more cortex devoted to that area
What is the frontal lobe in charge of?
executive function decision making motor control attention cognitive control
What is the motor homunculus?
The topographic representation of the primary motor cortex Parts of the body are represented roughly according to their relative position More cortex devoted to areas of the body with greater motor control M1 activity disrupted in Parkinson’s Disease
How do the primary and association cortex work together?
Primary cortex represents the world fairly faithfully/concretely Association cortex integrates between multiple modalities, represents world/information more abstractly
What is the neuron made up of?
Dendrites Soma or cell body Axon, covered in myelin sheath Axon terminal