Glossary

alternative forms of a gene.

a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only

(“division in half”) is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes such as bacteria. It occurs in some single-celled Eukaryotes like the Amoeba and the Paramoecium.

a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. The bulb like projection coming out from the yeast cell is called a bud.

a heterozygous individual not expressing a recessive trait but capable of passing it on to its offspring

The replicated arms of the chromosome are held together by this structure.

elongate inferior end of the uterus where it connects to the vagina

structures within the nucleus made of DNA that contain all the genetic information of an organism

one of the two halves of a duplicated chromosome

a cell, cell product, or organism that is genetically identical to the unit or individual from which it was derived.

transformed follicle after ovulation that secretes progesterone

Having two sets of chromosomes or double the haploid number of chromosomes. with One member of each chromosome pair comes from the ovum and one from the sperm.

The chemical compound that makes up genes within chromosomes and is the basic material of heredity. Two chains of nucleotides twist around each other to form a double helix.

an allele that is always expressed when present, regardless of whether the organism is homozygous or heterozygous for that gene.

inner lining of the uterus, part of which builds up during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and then sheds with menses

(plural = epididymides) coiled tubular structure in which sperm start to mature and are stored until ejaculation

sperm fertilises egg outside female body.

a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism is split into fragments. Each of these fragments develop into matured, fully grown individuals that are identical to their parents.

sperm inserted into female body

a haploid (n) sex cell in plants and animals (egg or sperm)

a discrete unit of hereditary information that usually specifies a protein; a region of DNA (locus) located on a chromosome that specifies a trait (characteristic).

all the genes in a population.

The study of genes and inheritance patterns

the genetic make-up of an individual. Eg Bb