1.3.2 true fungi
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what is a hypha?
The white filamentous strands that make up the mycelium, used for growth by fungus
what is the mycelium?
the vegetative part of the fungus (sort of like roots), and they consist of of hyphae.
5 physical characteristics of true fungi
chitin in cell wall lack centrioles growth by hyphae reproduction by spores glycogen reserve
name two diseases that fungi are responsible for on plants
smut on corn leafspot disease on soybean (cercospora, phototoxic fungi)
what are fungi a very important source for?
active natural products
what is the most carcinogenic natural product known?
aflatoxin
voimitoxin is found in what
ear and root rots of corn
what is an example of a fungal hallucinogen? (hint, found on rye)
lysergic acid, whcih is produced by ergot fungi
what did the mexicans call the magic mushroom?
teonanacatl = the flesh of the gods
what are the effects of magic mushrooms?
they cause: pupil dilation, visual and auditory hallucinations, and muscle weakness.
what is cyclosporin?
a fungal derived antirejection drug
what are three things that fungi are used for?
• disease organisms • natural products • fermentation products
what are the four divisions of true fungi?
chytrids, bread molds, cup fungi, mushrooms and rust
what are 3 things that make chytrids distinctive?
• motile zoospores and gametes with flagella • the primitive group that other fungi evolved from • thought to be pathogen that has dropped frog population
what are saprophytes?
An organism, especially a fungus or bacterium, that derives its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter.
what is a septa?
a crosswall between cells
what distinctions do bread molds have? (3)
• most are saprophytes • few septa in hyphae • distinctive life cycle with zygospore
define “mycorrhizae”
a symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus, especially a basidiomycete, with the roots of certain plants, in which the hyphae form a closely woven mass around the rootlets or penetrate the cells of the root.
what is definitive of cup fungi? (3)
• many serious plant diseases such as dutch elm disease and chestnut blight • they have the truffles and blue molds (penicillin) • distinctive ascus
what is an ascus?
a sac, typically cylindrical in shape, in which the spores of ascomycete fungi develop.
what is a well-known example of a unicellular ascomycete?
yeast
what family do rusts and mushrooms belong in?
basidomycetes
what are the main function of mushrooms?
decomposers
what are the main function of rusts?
parasites on living plants, especially cereals