MEIOSIS
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Meiosis
A type of cell division the reduces the amount of chromosomes in half to create gametes
Gametes
Haploid cells that fuse during sexual reproduction to create reproductive cells
Haploid
contains a single, unpaired set of chromosomes
Diploid
Has TWO complete sets of chromosomes (with one set being inherited from each parent)
Homologous Pair
Sets of identical Chromosomes that carries matching genes from both parents
Meiosis 1 (1st division of meiosis)
Reduces a cell’s chromosomes by half and then creates genetic diversity
Meiosis 2 (2nd Division of meiosis)
Sister chromatids separate, resulting in four genetically distinct haploid cells
“Crossing Over”
(Part of Prophase 1) Homologous chromosomes would tangle, break, and reattach to create new combinations of alleles (creating genetic variation)
What’s the difference between Meiosis and Mitosis?
Meiosis –> creates gametes (sperm/egg) Mitosis –> creates copies to help grow, repair, and develop
What are the steps to Meiosis?
Meiosis –> Fertilization –> meiosis + development of a fetus
What are three ways that causes genetic variation?
Mutation, Independent assortment, Crossing Over
Independent Assortment Of Chromosomes
Homologous randomly line up in the middle during metaphase
Meiosis Gone Wrong
Chromosomes can potentially not separate correctly leading to birth defects (nondisjunction)
Zygote
The initial, single cell formed when a sperm and an egg unite during fertilization