Unit 2 Section 5 Mechanisms and Spectra

Joining together lots of simple molecules to form a giant molecule.

Joining 2 or more molecules together to form a larger molecule.

When a small group of atoms breaks away from a larger molecule.

When one species is replaced by another.

Splitting a molecule into two new molecules by adding H⁺ and OH⁻ derived from water.

Any reaction in which an atom loses electrons.

Any reaction in which an atoms gains electrons.

Any reaction where electrons are transferred between two species.

They donate electron pairs. They react with positive ions or polar bonds.

Anything.

Heterocyclic and homolytic fission

The bond breaks unevenly. Both electrons move to one atom. This will produce a cation (electrophile) and an anion(nucleophile). This is shown by drawing a full head arrow to one of the atoms from the bond.

The bond breaks evenly so each atom gains one electron. This gives 2 neutral free radicals. This is shown by drawing half head arrows from the bond to each of the atoms.

A range of infra red radiation is shown through an organic compound. Some of these will be absorbed.

How much of a frequency can get through an organic compound. 0% would mean all of it was absorbed.

They will absorb different wavelengths meaning they can vibrate to a higher level. The energy involved depends on the bond length and the size of the atoms.

The area of a infra-red spectroscopy graph which is on the right. There are many different peaks and troughs and it is unique to each molecule.