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Weathering, Soil, and Mass Movement

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

Types of mechanical weathering

Back (Answer)

Frost wedging, Salt crystal growth (common on rocky shorelines); sheeting; biological activity

#2
Front (Question)

Sheeting

Back (Answer)

large masses of igneous rocks are exposed by erosion and concentric slabs break loose, forming exfoliation domes

#3
Front (Question)

Chemical Weathering

Back (Answer)

carbonic acid; spheroidal weathering (works inwards from exposed surfaces

#4
Front (Question)

Regolith

Back (Answer)

layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering that covers most of Earth’s surface

#5
Front (Question)

Soil

Back (Answer)

A portion of regolith that supports the growth of plants

#6
Front (Question)

Humus

Back (Answer)

decayed remnants of animal and plant life

#7
Front (Question)

Parent Material

Back (Answer)

the original constituents of soil

#8
Front (Question)

Residual Soil

Back (Answer)

soils whose parent material is bedrock

#9
Front (Question)

Transported soil

Back (Answer)

soils that develop on loose sediment

#10
Front (Question)

slope orientation affects the amount of __

Back (Answer)

sunlight that an area receives; in the Northen Hemisphere, a south-facing slope receives more sunlight; vice versa

#11
Front (Question)

The Soil Profile from top - bottom

Back (Answer)

O - organic material (humus and plant litter) A - mineral matter + biological activity still present E - zone of eluviation where leaching occurs (fine particles carry downards) B - Material removed from the E horizon ends up here in the zone of accumulation C - partly altered parent material

#12
Front (Question)

O and A layers make up the

Back (Answer)

topsoil

#13
Front (Question)

B layer makes up the

Back (Answer)

subsoil

#14
Front (Question)

O, A, E, B layers make up the

Back (Answer)

solum or true soil

#15
Front (Question)

Sheet erosion

Back (Answer)

thin sheets of water that carry soil

#16
Front (Question)

Rills

Back (Answer)

small currents that form after unconfined sheet flows flow a short distance

#17
Front (Question)

Gullies

Back (Answer)

deeper cuts that form as rills enlarge

#18
Front (Question)

Mass movement

Back (Answer)

the downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under the direct influence of gravity

#19
Front (Question)

Triggers of Mass movements

Back (Answer)

saturation of material w/ water; oversteepening of slopes; removal of vegetation; ground vibrations from earthquakes

#20
Front (Question)

Angle of repose

Back (Answer)

the highest angle at which sediment remains stable on a slope

#21
Front (Question)

Types of mass movements (soil vs. rock)

Back (Answer)

If soil and regoltih = debris, mud, earth; if bedrock = rock

#22
Front (Question)

Free-falling mass movement

Back (Answer)

common in freeze-thaw cycles

#23
Front (Question)

Rockfalls create ___

Back (Answer)

talus slopes - broken down rocks at the edge of a cliff

#24
Front (Question)

Slides

Back (Answer)

move alonga well-defined surface