Unit 6 - Pre-breeding Management
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What is the focus?
Recovery from calving and preparing for breeding season
What are the 7 key activities?
1) nutritional support for peak lactation and ensuing breeding season 2) evaluation of udder quality 3) vaccination against leptospirosis and vibriosis 4) verification of breeding soundness 5) physical conditioning for breeding season 6) Turnout on breeding pastures plus parasite control 7) ovulation synchronization
What are the 4 major functions?
1) preserve cow body condition 2) get bulls ready to breed 3) support health 4) synchronize cow estrus cycles
When does nutrition peak for lactation and breeding?
The first 80 days of lactation
Why should nutrient intake keep pace with demand?
To support peak lactation and uterine involution
What can result from body condition loss before breeding?
Delayed conception
What are the scoring guidelines when evaluating udder quality?
1) observe and score within 24 hours after calving 2) Assign scores based on the appearance of the weakest quarter 3) cow age should not be factored into udder scores 4) one person should assign udder scores for consistency
What is the scoring for udder quality?
1 (bad) - 5(moderate is good) -9 (bad)
What is vibriosis?
It’s a venereal disease caused by Camphylobacter fetus ssp. Venerealis. Can be passed from bull to cow and vice versa. Infected bulls can be chronic carries.
What are symptoms of vibriosis?
1) slow return to estrus 2) poor pregnancy rates 3) abortions at 5-7 months of pregnancy
When should vibriosis vaccine be given to cows, bulls, heifers?
Cows: 30 days pre-breeding annually Bulls: 75 days pre-breeding annually Heifers: 75 days pre-breeding
What is leptospirosis?
A contagious bacterial disease, is ubiquitous in cattle and wildlife and is transmissible to humans. Organism localize in kidneys and are voided in urine (acute, subacute, subclinical)
What are symptoms of leptospirosis?
Fever and abortion
What type of vaccine and when should vaccine be given for leptospirosis?
-vaccine should be a multivalent product and include “L. Hardjo-bovis and L. Pomona” -cows: 30 days pre-breeding annually Bulls: 75 days pre-breeding annually Heifers: 75 days pre-breeding
When should bull breeding capabilities be assessed?
60-90 days before breeding season
Where are breeding capability assessments conducted the most?
Seedstock operations
What does a breeding soundness exam (BSE) consist of?
1) physical exam 2) eval of repro. Organs 3) eval of semen quality 4) eval of libido (not standard)
How long is the spermatogenesis cycle?
61 days
What anatomical parts are assessed during the physical exam?
Eyes Teeth Feet and legs Body condition
What is included in the evaluation of reproductive organs?
1) rectal palpation: of vesicular glands, ampullae, and prostate for evidence of inflammation, adhesions and fibrosis 2) palpation + visual evaluation: of spermatic cord, scrotum, testes, and epididymis for symmetry and evidence of abscesses, injury, frostbite, and tumors 3) Visual evaluation: of penis and sheath for injury, scars and adhesions; verification of full extension of the penis 4) measurement of scrotal circumference as a proxy for semen volume
What are the 3 elements of semen quality evaluation?
1) sperm cell concentration (#/cm^3) - sometimes 2) Motility (% progressively motile) - always 3) morphology (% abnormal cells) - always
How is semen collected and observed for quality evaluation?
It is collected via electro-ejaculation and examined visually.
What is the requirement for passing sperm motility evaluation?
• greater than or equal to 30% progressively motile cells -rapid swirling = very good Slow swirling = good Oscillation = fair Sporadic oscillation = poor
What is required for sperm morphology to pass evaluation?
-greater than or equal to 70% normal cells.