lecture 3
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4 types of evidence for evolution
• geology • homology • biogeography • domestication
what are the evidence of geology
• The fossils he found could match the living things today • Fossils found in shallower places are more similar to the living things today than older fossils
definition of homology
similarity in different organisms due to common ancestor
definition of vestigial structure
features from an ancestor but is reduced in function
definition of homologous structure
a trait shared by different species because they all share a common ancestor
major themes of biogeography
• Organisms that are close to each other has similar traits • Different groups of organisms adapt to similar environment in different parts of the world • Geographically isolated regions have unusual organisms
remote island biotas
• Looks like animals from the nearest mainland • Are good colonists • Once they arrive, they adapt to the environment and look different
Biogeographically isolated regions
• Isolated from continents • Have species adapted to niches unusual for their group • because some species never got to land, some species needs to fill their role