Topic 3 - Periodic Table and Energy
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The relative mass of an electron
1/1836
The relative mass of a proton
1
The relative mass of a neutron
1
Charge of proton
+1
Charge of neutron
0
Charge of electron
-1
What is an isotope?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element, with a different number of neutrons (same number of protons/electrons)
In the periodic table, horizontal rows are called …
periods
In the periodic table, vertical collums are called …
groups
How many groups are there?
18
What is group 1?
Alkali metals
What is group 2?
Alkaline Earth Metals
What is groups 3-12/
Transition metals
What is group 15?
Pnictogens
What is group 16?
Chalcogens
What is group 17?
The halogens
What is group 18?
The noble gases
What are metalloids/semi metals? Why do they have that name?
Elements that touch the line between metal and non-metals, they have a combination of properties of metals and non-metals
Define ionisation
when an atom loses an electron from its outer shell.
Define first ionisation
The energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms of an element to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions.
What 3 things can affect ionisation energy?
Shielding, nuclear charge and atomic radius
Define shielding
Shielding is when inner electrons screen the outer electrons from the pull from the nucleus
Define nuclear charge
The positive charge of the nucleus
Define atomic radius
Atomic radius is radius of an atom, we measure atomic radius by measuring the distance between 2 nuclei of touching atoms and halving the distance