Unit 1
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Abiotic
Nonliving.
Accuracy
How close a measured value is to the actual or true value.
Biotic
Living.
Control group
In a scientific investigation, a group that experiences exactly the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the single variable under study.
Deductive reasoning
The process of applying a general statement to specific facts or situations.
Dependent variable
A variable that is dependent on other factors.
Ecosystem
A particular location on Earth with interacting biotic and abiotic components.
Environment
The sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life.
Environmental science
The field of study that looks at interactions among human systems and those found in nature.
Environmental studies
The field of study that includes environmental science and additional subjects such as environmental policy, economics, literature, and ethics.
Environmentalism
A social movement that seeks to protect the environment through lobbying, activism, and education.
First law of thermodynamics
A theory with no known exception that states that energy is neither created nor destroyed but it can change from one form to another.
Hypothesis
A testable conjecture about how something works.
Independent variable
A variable that is not dependent on other factors.
Inductive reasoning
The process of making general statements from specific facts or examples.
Natural experiment
A natural event that acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem.
Null hypothesis
A prediction that there is no difference between the groups or conditions that are being compared.
Precision
How close the repeated measurements of a sample are to one another.
Replication
The data collection procedure of taking repeated measurements.
Sample size (n)
The number of times a measurement is replicated in data collection.
Scientific method
An objective method to explore the natural world, draw inferences from it, and predict the outcome of certain events, processes, or changes.
Second law of thermodynamics
The physical law stating that when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes.
Sustainability
Living on Earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources.
Theory
A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple groups of researchers and has reached wide acceptance.