U1-2-1 - Covalent Radius
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Half the distance between the centres of two covalently joined atoms
Covalent radius
Covalent radius ________ going down a group.
increases
Covalent radius ________ going across a period.
decreases
Explain why covalent radius increases going down a group.
The number of occupied energy levels (e− shells) increases.
Explain why covalent radius decreases going across a period.
Increase in nuclear charge
Why does an increase in nuclear charge make the covalent radius decrease?
Outer electrons are more strongly attracted to the nucleus This causes electrons to be pulled closer to the nucleus
Why is the covalent radius of aluminium larger than its ionic radius ?
More occupied energy levels Al is 2,8,3 (3 occupied E levels) and Al3+ is 2,8 (2 levels)