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Topic 4: MO theory: Heteronuclear Diatomic & Ligand Group Orbitals
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Total cards: 4•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026
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#1
Front (Question)
HOMO and LUMO
Back (Answer)
Highest occupied molecular orbital Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
#2
Front (Question)
2 orders of p orbitals (low to high)
Back (Answer)
sigma pz pi (px, py) pi* (px, py) sigma* pz pi (px, py) sigma pz pi* (px, py) sigma* pz due to flipping of orbitals
#3
Front (Question)
Molecules where orbitals are flipped Why?
Back (Answer)
N2 to O2 is where change occurs The σ-π Crossover The inversion in energy of the σ and π orbitals is due to the change in energy of the s and p orbitals that form them. When the s and p orbitals are of similar energy then extra mixing can occur if the symmetry is also correct
#4
Front (Question)
back bonding/back donation
Back (Answer)
Where electrons interact to make bonds stronger (e.g. in ligand donation)