Qualitative Analysis Test For Anions.
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What are the metal ions you can test for using a flame?
Lithium Li+ Sodium Na+ Potassium K+ Calcium Ca²+ Barium Ba²+ Copper (II) Cu²+
What flame color does lithium Li+ have?
Red.
What flame color does sodium Na+ have?
Yellow.
What flame color does potassium K+ have?
Lilac.
What flame color does calcium Ca²+ have?
Orange-red.
What flame color does barium Ba²+ have?
Light-green.
What flame color does copper (II) Cu²+ have?
Blue-green.
What are the anions?
Chloride Cl⁻ Carbonate CO₃²⁻ Bromide Br⁻ Iodide I⁻ Sulfate SO₄²- Sulfite SO²⁻ ₃ Nitrate NO⁻ ₃
How do you test for Chlorine Cl⁻ and what is the test result (anion)?
Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate (white ppt).
How do you test for Carbonate CO₃²⁻ and what is the test result (anion)?
Add dilute acid, then test for carbon gas (effervescence, carbon dioxide produced).
How do you test for Bromide Br⁻ and what is the test result (anion)?
Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate (cream ppt).
How do you test for Iodide I⁻ and what is the test result (anion)?
Acidify with dilute nitric acid then add aqueous silver nitrate (yellow ppt).
How do you test for Sulfate SO₄²- and what is the test result (anion)?
Acidify with nitric acid then add aqueous barium nitrate (white ppt).
How do you test for Sulfite SO²⁻ ₃ and what is the test result (anion)?
Add a small volume of acidified aqueous potassium manganate (VII) (the acidified aqueous potassium manganate (VII) changes color from purple to colorless).
How do you test for Nitrate NO⁻ ₃ and what is the test result (anion)?
Add aqueous sodium hydroxide to aluminium foil and warm carefully (ammonia produced).
What are the aqueous cations?
Aluminum Al3+ Ammonium NH₄⁺ Calcium Ca²+ Chromium Cr3+ Copper (II) Cu²+ Iron (II) Fe²+ Iron (III) Fe3+ Zinc ²+
What is the effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia on Aluminum Al3+ (cation)?
Sodium hydroxide: White ppt, soluble in excess giving a colorless solution. Ammonia: White ppt, insoluble in excess.
What is the effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide on Ammonium NH₄⁺(cation)?
Sodium hydroxide: Ammonia produced on warming.
What is the effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia on Calcium Ca²+ (cation)?
Sodium hydroxide: White ppt, insoluble in excess. Ammonia: no ppt or a very slight white ppt.
What is the effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia on Chromium Cr3+ (cation)?
Sodium hydroxide: Green ppt, soluble in excess. Ammonia: Green ppt, insoluble in excess.
What is the effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia on Copper (II) Cu²+ (cation)?
Sodium hydroxide: Light blue ppt, insoluble in excess. Ammonia: Light blue ppt soluble in excess, giving a dark blue solution.
What is the effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia on Iron (II) Fe²+ (cation)?
Sodium hydroxide and Ammonia: Green ppt, insoluble in excess ppt turns brown near the surface on standing.
What is the effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia on Iron (III) Fe3+ (cation)?
Sodium hydroxide and Ammonia: Red-brown ppt, insoluble in excess.
What is the effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia on Zinc ²+ (cation)?
Sodium hydroxide and Ammonia: White ppt, soluble in excess giving a colorless solution.