photosynthesis
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when does chlorophyll best absorb
in the violet-blue and red regoins of the visible spectrum
what are accessory pigments
light-capturing pigments that capture extra sunlight and transfer the energy absorbed to the chlorophylls
why are plants green
chlorophyll absorbs all visible wavelengths of light except the green spectrum, this is reflected
blanaced chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2+6H2O=C6H12O6+6O2
chloroplast structure
membranous stacks called thylakoids contain chlorophyll, when several of these stack together they are called grana, stroma membranes surround the fluid filled space (the stroma) between the grana.
where light independant and light dependant reactions occur
light independant: the stroma light dependant: the grana
two stages of photosynthesis
• light dependant • light independant
light dependant stage
light energy is used to split the water molecule into hydrogen and oxygen. oxygen is released as a waste product as hydrogen is transported to the next stage using a carrier molecule. this stage also makes atp but is used in the next stage
light independant stage
the hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide to make gluecose molecules.
what are chemosynthetic autotrophs
various bacteria and archea can oxidize chemical substances such as sulphates and realese energy to create atp to build glucose models with co2 and water. other chemosynthetic autotrophs use hydrogen gas, ammonia or iron to provide energy to fix carbon and make carbohydrates
name for producers and consumers
autotrophs and heterotrophs
other name for the light independant stage
the calvin cycle
endosymbiont theory
mitochondria and chloroplast were once small bacteria that were englufed by larger cell and eukaryotes evolved from this.
how does carbon dioxide enter the leaf
through the stomata: pore in the leaf