Muscular System
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What are the 3 results of movement created by muscles?
• Muscles pull bones to initiate movement in the joints • Muscles pull on soft tissue in the face to create expressions • Respiratory muscle movements causes breathing
How do muscles relate to blood circulation?
Cardiac muscle helps to pump blood into and out of the heart
What is the benefit of muscles generating heat?
Heat is a waste produce of muscles that helps maintain an internal body temperature
What is the benefit of muscles aiding in support?
Muscles on the body wall help support the internal organs
In what way do muscles protect?
They cushion internal organs from exterior forces
What is myology?
Study of the structure, arrangement, and action of muscles
What are the three types of muscles?
Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
What is the structure of skeletal muscle?
Striated (having lines), tubular, and multinucleated
What type of control are skeletal muscles under?
Voluntary control
Where are skeletal muscles usually attached?
To the bone via tendons
Where are skeletal muscles typically found?
Throughout the body, making up most of the muscle in it
What is the structure of smooth muscle?
Non-striated (no lines), spindle-shaped, single nucleated
What type of control are smooth muscles under?
Involuntary control, controlled by the autonomic nervous system
Where are smooth muscles found?
Blood vessels, digestive tracts, respiratory tissue, reproductive tissue
What is the structure of cardiac muscle?
Striated (lines), branched, single nucleated
What kind of control are cardiac muscles under?
Involuntary control
Where is cardiac muscle found?
Only in the heart where it’s found significantly in the walls of the heart
What is muscle contraction?
The tightening, shortening, or lengthening of muscles
What is muscle relaxation?
The passive process of returning to a resting state
How are muscle fibers arranged?
In bundles surrounded by fibrous connective tissue
What is endomysium?
The thin layer of connective tissue covering individual muscle fibers
What is the sarcolemma?
The cell membrane of the muscle fiber
What is the perimysium/muscle fascicle?
The connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers
What is the epimysium/deep fascia?
The connective tissue surrounding an entire muscle