Breeding And Disease Exam
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Non-infectious diseases
• Physical, incl. traumatic • Metabolic/ nutritional • Neoplastic • Genetic • Toxic • Immune-mediated • Iatrogenic • Age-related
Infectious diseases
• Infectious proteins • Viruses • Bacteria • Fungi • Protozoa • Metazoan parasites
An infectious agent can be bad when i has one or more of these properties
• Multiple strains • High morbidity • Aerosol-spread • Insect-spread • Feed-spread • More than one domestic species affected • Circulates in wildlife • Infects people • Hardy in environment • Trans-placental and infects fetuses • Mutable • Wind-borne • Carrier state after clinical recovery • OIE reportable (trade barrier) • Subclinical infection
Hardware disease
• Traumatic reticuloperitonitis • Metal on pastures • Physical, infectious, iatrogenic • Surgery to remove wire, antibiotics, magnets
Potomac Horse Fever
• Neorickettsia risticii • infectious, but non-contagious • Avoid rivers where disease endemic in previous years, vaccines, specific antibiotics
PEP
Post-exposure prophylaxis
Rabies What might you want to know? Where is that information?
If i get rabies can i be treated successfully? What types of rabies exist? Do local rabies strains pose risk to me and my livestock? What will make me suspect livestock have rabies? Can I get it from livestock? If so how? Can I be protected through vaccination? Who tests for rabies and how much does it cost? Do vaccines work for wildlife? What will make me suspect local wildlife have rabies? Can disease be confirmed before mammals/humans die?
Disease Control
Depends on understanding the driving ecological factors for each disease, and which combination of biosecurity, genetic selection and vaccines makes most economical and biological sense.
Where to find reliable, current information
Human Diseases: CDC website WDH web site and press releasesLocal MCP’s Animal Diseases: State vet/WLSB and press release USDA Peer-reviewed papers Texts Selected web sites Local veterinarians Regional d-laboratory personnel
Sheep Diseases
Perinatal diseases/ FPT Ewe infertility and abortion
Horses
Perinatal diseases/ FPT Colic Neurological Diseases Exercise-associated
Wildlife
Brucellosis CWD
Cattle
Calves: perinatal diseases/FPT Cows/Heifers: Infertility and abortion Bulls: reproductive soundness Intoxication Brucellosis
Zoonotic
A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans
Colic
• Abdominal pain, usually pain from intestines • Horses unusually prone to impactions and anatomical displacements of gut, relative to other species • Some infections: salmonellosis; PHF • Varies from mild-life threatening
Strangles
• Highly contagious • Fever+ lymph node swelling • Isolate horses with swollen nodes: No antibiotics unless a) recognize before abscesses form or b) before horse clearly ill • Monitor other horses (rectal temperature) • Multiple (typically 3x) PCR tests to establish horse free of infection • Vaccination choices • DD. From S. Zooepidemicus
Vibrio
Bacterial Has a vaccine Has an antibiotic
Chlamydia
Bacterial Has a vaccine Has an antibiotic
Q Fever
Bacterial Has no vaccine May have an antibiotic
Rabbit Fever
Bacterial Has no vaccine Does have an antibiotic
Toxoplasmosis
Protozoal No vaccine No antibiotic (ionophores)
Border Disease
Viral No vaccine No antibiotics
FPT
Failure of Passive Transfer • pneumonia, enteritis (scours), septicemia • About 15% of beef calves • Illness in the first 28 days • Death from birth weaning
Scours at 0-3 weeks
Viral Diarrheas E. Coli Cryptosporidiosis