Chapter 8A - Proteins and Amino Acids
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What are proteins?
• found in every cell of the human body • fundamental to cell structure/operation • source of nitrogen • large biomolecules (polymers) formed by condensation reaction b/w amino acids (monomers)
What are 2-amino acids?
Contains: * one amino group * one carboxyl group * one side chain * one H atom Carboxyl and amino group are bonded to the same carbon atom (alpha carbon)
What are the processes involved in metabolism of proteins
• Breakdown (digestion) into amino acids - hydrolysis • Synthesis of proteins from amino acids (condensation)
Condensation Reaction
• amino group of one amino acid reacts with carboxyl group of another • water molecule is lost • amide link/ peptide link formed
Polypeptide
A longer peptide chain (product of condensation of two or more amino acids)
Hydrolytic Reactions
• digestion of proteins requires specific enzymes • breaks the primary structure of the protein (amide/peptide links)