2.2 electronic structures and the periodic table
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How are chemical elements placed on the periodic table?
In order of the atomic (proton) number
What does the group number in the periodic table tell you?
The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
What are the differences in properties between metals and non metals?
Metals: - Conduct electricity - Higher meriting and boiling points - Ductile (can be drawn out into wires) - Malleable (can be hammered into shapes without smashing) (non metal solids are brittle)
Do non metals tend to lose or gain electrons?
Tend do gain electrons to form negative ions
How many electrons do group 5 elements tend to gain
3
How many electrons do group 6 elements tend to gain
2
How many electrons do group 7 elements tend to gain
1
Do metals tend to gain or lose electrons
Lose electrons to form positive ions
What happens when elements form positive or negative ions
They attain the electronic structure at the end of the noble gas at the end of the period above them
Why are the atoms of noble gases stable?
• They have 8 electrons in their outermost shell (making them very stable • The exception is the first novel gas, helium, which has 2 electrons in the outer shell but it is also a stable electronic structure
What does the fact that noble gases are stable mean?
• That they exist as single atoms • They don’t have a tendency to react and modify their electronic structures by forming molecules
What are some of the few compounds that have been made with the larger noble gases
They contain some of the most reactive non-metallic elements such as fluorine and oxygen
What is the trend with boiling points going down group 0?
It increases