Chapter 16 Conjugation
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What constitutes conjugation?
3 or more atoms adjacent to each other with p orbitals that are parallel and interact
What are characteristics of a conjugated molecule?
Lower heat of hydrogenation, Central single bond
What is the molecular orbital theory?
Atomic orbitals = # Molecular orbitals
What is HOMO?
Highest occupied molecular orbital
What is LUMO?
Lowest occupied molecular orbital
What happens when UV light is shined onto a molecule?
One electron (1 arrow), from HOMO gets promoted one spot, to LUMO excited state
How does the length of conjugation affect the HOMO-LUMO gap and lambda?
Larger Conjugation: smaller Homo/Lumo gap, longer wavelength (lambda)= less energy Shorter Conjugation: larger Homo/Lumo gap, shorter wavelength= higher energy
and which one is more stable?
don’t pay attention to second one, not right- should have two double bonds though
What is the general rule for Diel-Alder reaction?
Diene + Alkene (dienophile) = one double bond made Diene + Alkyne (dienophile) = two double bonds formed
Describe the two types of bicyclic products that can result
Endo: Electron withdrawing groups on opposite side of pi bridge Exo: EWG on same side of pi bridge