Genetic Engineering
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Define hereditary
The passing of traits from parenting to offspring
Define genetics
Study of hereditary and the variations in organisms
Discontinuous variation
Describe by characteristics that can be one of a limited number of options
Describe continuous variation
Characteristics that can change over a range of value and are affected by environmental and inherited characteristics
What do genes contain?
Information for the production of proteins and functional RNA molecules
What are proteins responsible for?
Physical expression of genes as phenotypic characteristics or trades
Define gene
Section of DNA that controls a hereditary characteristic
What is the position of a gene on a chromosome called?
Locus
Alleles
Different forms or version of the same gene
Phenotype
Physical appearance of the trade
Genotype
Combination of jeans for a trade
Homozygous
When an individual has two copies of the same allele of a gene on a pair of chromosomes
Heterozygous
When an individual has two different alleles of a gene on a pair of chromosomes
True breeding
Organisms that produce offspring with the same traits
Hybrid
The offspring of parents with different traits
Moon hybrid Crossing
Crossing between two individuals focusing on a single characteristic or trait
Define polygenic trait
Controlled by two more genes are different on different chromosomes
44 chromosomes
Autosomes
XY
Sex chromosomes / gonsomes
Why are these genes seem to be linked?
The fact that they are present in one of these six chromosomes
How can a girl be colourblind?
She must inherit the colourblind gene from each parent
What is a pedigree chart?
A tool used to show all the known phenotypes of an organism and its ancestors
What is a mutation?
A change in DNA sequence
What are the two types of D mutations?
• Point mutation • Chromosome mutation