Alkanes And Cycloalkanes
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What are hydrocarbons
Compounds composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen
What are the major classes of hydrocarbons?
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon with no double or triple bonds is said to be?
Saturated
What is the general formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the shape and hybridization of all the carbon atoms in an alkane?
Sp3 hybridization, tetrahedral in shape
Why are alkanes unreactive to most chemical reagents?
Because of strong sigma bonds
What are alkanes sometimes referred to as?
Straight chain or acyclic alkanes to distinguish them from cycloalkane or alicyclic compounds
What are alkanes primarily used as?
Fuels, solvents, and lubricants
What are natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, heating oil, lubricating oil, and paraffin wax composed of?
Of alkanes with different physical properties resulting from different ranger of molecular weights
Alkanes are polar or non-polar?
Nonpolar
Why are alkanes good lubricants and preservatives for metals?
They keep water from reaching the metal surface and causing corrosion
What are cycloalkanes?
Alkanes that contain rings of carbon atoms
Are most cycloalkanes reactive or unreactive?
Unreactive
What was cyclopropane used once as?
General anesthetic because its vapors cause sleepiness and a loss of consciousness
How did cyclopropane act like an anesthetic?
After inhalation into the lungs, cyclopropane goes into the blood Due to its non polar nature, it rapidly leaves the blood and passes through the non polar membranes surrounding the central nervous system, where it produces anesthesia
Why is cyclopropane no longer used as an anesthetic?
Highly flammable and can cause explosions when mixed with air
What is the primary source of alkanes?
Natural gas and petroleum
What does natural gas mainly contain?
Methane
Propane and butane are common fuels in what?
In propone gas burners and cigarette lighters
Alkanes with 5 to 8 carbons are what?
Gasoline
Alkanes with 9 to 16 carbons are what?
Diesel
As the number of carbons increase the boiling point and viscosity…
Increases
What does IUPAC stand for?
International Union of pure and applied chemistry
What is a property of sigma bonds in alkanes?
The bond keeps rotating