ACID AND REDOX
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Which element do all acids contain?
Hydrogen
What happens when an acid is dissolved in water?
When an acid is dissolved in water, it releases hydrogen ions as protons, H+, into the solution
What is the equation that shows hydrogen chloride gas dissolving to form an aqueous solution?
HCl (g) + aq ———–> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) +aq shows the excess of water present
What is an example of a strong acid?
Hydrochloric acid
What happens to a strong acid when placed in an aqueous solution?
The strong acid releases all its hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions It completely dissociates in an aqueous solution
What happens to a weak acid when placed in an aqueous solution?
A weak acid only releases a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions. It partially dissociates in aqueous solution.
What is an example of a weak acid?
Ethanoic acid - Ch3COOH
Why is ethanoic acid a weak acid?
A molecule of ethanoic acid contains 4 hydrogen atoms. But only the hydrogen atom on the COOH group is released as H+
What is a base?
A base neutralises an acid to form a salt
What are example of bases?
Metal oxides Metal hydroxides Metal carbonates Ammonia, NH3
What is an Alkali?
An alkali is a base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution.
What is the equation that shows alkali sodium hydroxide dissolving in water?
NaOH releases hydroxide ions as it dissolves in water NaOH (s) + aq ——–> Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?
HCl
What is the formula of sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
What is the formula of nitric acid?
HNO3
What is the formula of Ethanoic acid?
CH3COOH
Name 4 common acids
Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Ethanoic acid
Name 3 common metal oxide bases
MgO - Magnesium oxide CaO - Calcium oxide CuO - Copper oxide
Name 3 common metal carbonate bases
Na2CO3 - Sodium carbonate CaCO3 - Calcium carbonate CuCO3 - Copper carbonate
Name 3 common Alkali bases
NaOH - Sodium hydroxide KOH - Potassium hydroxide NH3 - Ammonia
What are the products of a neutralisation of acid
Acid + metal oxide/hydroxide —-> Salt + water
How do you form a salt from an acid?
The hydrogen in the acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion to form the salt E.g. Hcl —–> NaCl
What do you use to neutralise an acid?
A metal oxide or metal hydroxide To form a salt and water only
Acid + Alkali —->
Acid + Alkali —–> salt + water