Module 3 - Group 2
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What is a common name given to group 2 metals?
Alkaline earth metals
What is the most reactive metal of group 2?
Barium
List 3 physical properties of group 2 metals
● High melting and boiling points ● Low density metals ● Form colourless (white) compounds
The highest energy electrons of group 2 metals are in which subshell?
S subshell
Does reactivity increase or decrease down group 2? Why?
● Increases ● Electrons are lost more easily because larger atomic radius and more shielding. ● Less of a intermolecular attraction between the nucleus and electrons
What happens to the first ionisation energy as you go down group 2? Why?
Decreases because: -Number of filled electron shells increases down the group → increased shielding -Increased atomic radius → weaker force between outer - - -Electron and nucleus → less energy needed to remove electron
What type of reaction is the reaction between group 2 elements and oxygen?
Redox reaction
Write an equation for the reaction of calcium and oxygen
2Ca (s) + O2 (g) → 2CaO (s)
What are the products when group 2 elements react with water?
Hydroxide and hydrogen gas
Which group 2 element doesn’t react with water?
Beryllium
Which group 2 element reacts very slowly with water?
Magnesium
What type of reaction is the reaction between group 2 metal and water?
Redox reaction
Write an equation for the reaction of barium and water
Ba (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ba(OH)₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)
What is oxidised and what is reduced in a reaction between group 2 metal and water?
Metal → oxidised One hydrogen atom from each water → reduced
What are the products when a group 2 element reacts with an dilute acid?
Salt and hydrogen gas
Write an equation for the reaction of calcium and hydrochloric acid
Ca (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2(s) + H₂ (g)
What is formed when group 2 oxides react with water?
Metal hydroxide
Write an equation for the reaction between a group 2 oxide and water
MO (s) + H2O (l) → M(OH)2(aq)
What group 2 metal oxide is insoluble in water?
Beryllium oxide
What is the trend in hydroxide solubility down group 2?
Increases down the group Mg(OH)₂ is slightly soluble Ba(OH)₂ creates a strong alkaline solution
What is Ca(OH)2 used for? Write an equation related to one of its uses
Used to neutralise soil Ca(OH)₂ (aq) +2HCl (aq) → 2H₂O (l) + CaCl₂ (aq)
What is Mg(OH)2 used for?
Milk of magnesia - antacid to treat indigestion, heartburn, etc
What is calcium carbonate used for?
Present in limestone and marble Used in building construction
What is the drawback of using calcium carbonate in construction? Write a related equation
Group 2 carbonates react with acid CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)