Ch. 3: Constituents Of Food Properties & Significance
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All of the food constituents combined affect what 6 things?
• Structure • Texture • Flavor • Nutritional value • Keeping quality • Color
What are the 13 food constituents?
• Fats • Proteins • Carbohydrates • Enzymes • Vitamins • Flavors • Pigments • Emulsifiers • Oxidants • Antioxidants • Acids • Minerals • Water
What are carbohydrates?
Basically simple and complex sugars and starch. Contain the elements C, H, and O
What are monosaccharides? Give examples and the chemical formula.
They are the building blocks for more complex sugars. Chemical formula: C6H12O6. Examples: glucose, dextrose, galactose, fructose.
What is fructose?
Honey
Give the chemical formula and examples of disaccharides.
Chemical formula: C12H22O11 Sucrose- table sugar (comes from sugar cane or sugar beets) Maltose- beer sugar Lactose- milk sugar
What is the trisaccharide formula? Where does it come from?
C18H32O16 Raffinose- used in feed stocks
What are polysaccharides? Give the formula and examples.
Starches (C6H10O5)x *where x=4 or more, making it a complex carbohydrate. Examples: amylose (major starch in plants), glycogen (major animal starch, primarily stored in the liver)
The more complex the sugar, usually the less ___ and less ___ __ ___.
Sweet Soluble in water
The differences in arrangements of the elements in sugars makes a difference in their:
Solubility Sweetness Fermentation rates by microorganisms
Sucrose is made up of what?
(Table sugar) 2 monosaccharides Glucose or Dextrose Fructose
Maltose is made up of what?
(Beer sugar) 2 glucose
Lactose is made up of what?
(Milk sugar) Glucose Galactose
Sucrose is ______ and ______ than lactose
6 times sweeter 4.5 times more soluble
What are the properties of simple sugars? (Glucose)
Sweet Soluble in cold water Instant energy source
What are the properties of complex sugars? (Starches)
Not sweet Insoluble in cold water Reserve source of energy
What are the carbohydrate gums and what are they related to?
Celluloses, hemicelluloses, and pectins. They’re all related to carbohydrates
Proteins are very chemically ____.
Complex
The building blocks for proteins are what?
Amino acids
Amino acids contain what elements?
C, H, O and N. In some cases P and S.
How many amino acids are there?
Some 20
What are the 2 types of proteins?
Simple- contains only amino acids Conjugated- contain amino acids plus other attached non-amino acid substances (minerals and vitamins)
Draw the general structure formula for an amino acid.
Look at notes
What bond ties amino acids together to form proteins?
Peptide bond