3.1 Intro to organic
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What is a free radical mechanism?
Atoms with an unpaired electron is a radical. - To show it, we use straight arrows.
How do you show the forming a covalent bond mechanism?
A curly arrow from the lone pair of electrons to an atom.
How do you show the breaking a covalent bond mechanism?
Curly arrow starting at the bond to the atoms.
What is a homologous series?
• Same functional group • Same general formula • Similar properties
What is heterolytic fission?
When a covalent bond breaks unevenly and one atom takes more electrons than the other.
What is homolytic fission?
When a covalent bond breaks evenly and each atom takes the same no. of electrons.
What is structural isomerism?
When the arrangement of atoms is different structurally.
What is a functional group isomer?
Same molecular formula, but different structurally due to different functional groups.
What is a chain isomer?
Same molecular formula, but different structurally due to branching/straight chains.
What is stereoisomerism?
Same molecular formula but atoms are arranged in a different spatial arrangement. Only occurs around a double bond. Due to restricted rotation.
What is the E-group stereoisomerism?
When the CIP priority groups are opposite each other across the double bond.
What is the Z-group stereoisomerism?
When the CIP priority groups are next to each other in the double bond.