Unit 5: Evolutionary Patterns, Phylogeny, and Macroevolution

This is a branching diagram that shows the relationships between species often according to the time since a common ancestor.

History of descent with branching.

• ) Individuals • ) Population • ) Species • ) Phylogeny

This is a diagram where the branch length determines the amount of inferred evolutionary time.

This is when the branches are of equal length.

The length of the branches and the use of time in phylograms.

Groups that share a common ancestor that is uncommon to other groups.

A section of the diagram that includes the sister groups and common ancestors.

These include common ancestors and all of its descendants.

These include common ancestors and some but not all of its descendants.

Does not include the common ancestors.

The character used vary among but not within species and have a genetic basis.

These are shared because of common ancestry and derived characters as a result.

Homoplasy means similar in appearance but not in origin shared because of converging evolution.

Evolved once in the common ancestor.

Evolved independently.

• Structural similarities • Relations between parts • Embryonic development

The evolution above the species level such as the assessment of diversity of an entire clade and its position on the tree.

The rapid evolution of new species occupying new niches.

Speciation wherein the ancestors species is wholly replaced by new species.

Parent species splits into 2 species.

Slow and steady gradual evolutions.

Rate and rapid on a geological time scale events of branching speciation which results in cladogenesis.

This is the categorization of organisms into different groups.