Chapter 2-Conservation Of Biodiversity
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What are biomimetics?
Involves theknowledge of the adaptions of other species, to improve the designs of manufactured items
What are some examples of Biomimetics for vehicle designs?
• Splayed wingtips and feathers: reduces wind turbulence and drag: increases fuel efficiency • Shark scales: reduces friction while swimming: aircrafts & ship surfaces: reduces fuel consumption
What are some examples of Biomimetics for infection control?
Shark skin: bacteria skin doesn’t stick easily: hospitals & operating theaters
What are some examples of Biomimetics for architecture?
Bird wing bones: light& strong: used in lightweight bridges & roofs Mounds termites create: hot air rises/ creates a convection current: used in office blocks: natural ventilation
What are some examples of Biomimetics for materials?
Silk by spiders: car airbags & body armor
What are some examples of Biomimetics for adhesion?
Gecko toes: have adhesion pads: attempts to copy so that glue is not needed Plant seeds: burrs & hooks: copied in Velcro
What is physiological research?
Animal species maybe more useful than humans for this research Eg. marine sponge: proteins that prevent the rejection of grafts for the rejection of human organs Eg. Hippopotamus skin: secretes a natural SPF: studied to help burn victims
What are CWRs?
• crop wild relative species - new genes to improve crop genetic characteristics may be found in the wild relatives of the cultivated crops
Characteristics introduced by CWRs:
• Disease resistance • salt tolerance (can grow in saline soil) • resistance to drought • high yield • improved taste • Increased nutrient uptake
What are Gene-Pools?
Total number of different genes present in all individuals in a population in a particular species
How is atmospheric composition regulated
Regulated by abiotic and biotic factors that work to cancel each other out which creates a dynamic equilibrium
What is direct exploitation & what are the factors?
-How the population of species has been reduced by over-exploitation for resources or deliberate eradication Food: turtles, cod, swordfish, tuna, sharks- extinct due to this: dodo,great auk Fashion: animal skins: fur coats (leopard, fur seals (almost extinct in 1900s)) Furniture: timber from tropical rainforests &black piano keys (tropical ebony wood) white (elephant ivory) Pets& entertainment: zoos & marine life centers (sea world)
What are some examples of traditional medicine exploiting resources?
• Tiger skin: cure for a range of diseases & dung for alcoholism • Rhinos: horns for small pox & nosebleeds • seahorses: treat infertility& baldness