Section 15.4- Equivalents and Normality
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Instead of using ke amounts of acids and bases in neutralization reactions, it is more convenient to use amounts that are
Chemically equivalent
The amount (number of moles) of an acid that will supply 1 mol of protons or the amount of base that will supply 1 mol of hydroxide ions
One equivalent
The mass per equivalence of that acid or base
Equivalent mass
Equating for equivalent mass
Eq mass = molar mass of acid or base ———————————— Number of ionizable H atoms Or OH ions per formula unit
The advantage of using equivalents is that
One equivalent of any acid reacts with one equivalent of any base
The number of moles per liter of solution
Molarity
The concentration of a solution expressed as the number of equivalents per liter of solution.
Normality
Equations for normality:
N = equivalents solute/ liters solution N = molarity x # equivalents