DNA replication
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when and who was the double helix discovered by
1953, watson and crick
DNA
is the substance of inheritance. Heridetary info is encoded in DNA and reproduced in all cells of the body
what are chromosomes made up of
-DNA -protein
transformation
as a change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA
bacteriophages/phages
viruses that infect bacteria used in molecular genetics research
double helix
2 complimentary anti parallel strands of DNA molecules
what is DNA a polymer of
nucleotides that each consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
what are the nitrogenouse
A- adenine T- thinene C- citozene G- Guanene
are G and A purine or pyrimidene
purine
are T and C purine or pyrimidene
pyrimidene
semiconservative model
predicts that when a double helix replicates each daughter molecule replicates will have one old strand and one new strand
parent molecule
is the OG DNA strand that unwinds
daughter strands
2 new DNA strands built based on base pairing rules
replication fork
at the end of each replication bubble, a y shape region where DNA strands are elongating
origens of replication
the site in which replication begins where 2 DNA strands are separated which opens up a replication bubble
helicase
the enzyme that untwists the DNA helix at the replication for
single strand binding protein
binds to and stabelizes single stranded DNA until it can be used as a template
topoisomerase
corrects overwinding ahead of replication fork by breaking, swiveling, rejoing the DNA strands
prymase
an enzyme which starts an RNA chain from scratch and adds RNA nucleotides one at a time using the parental DNA as a template
DNA polymerase
an enzyme which catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork. It can not initiate synthesis of a polynucleotide, they require a primer and a DNA template strand, they can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end
leading strand
strand moving from 3’ to 5’
lagging strand
strand moving from5’ to 3’
okazaki fragments
a series of fragments in which the lagging strand is synthesized
DNA lygase
joins together the okazaki fragments