MIDTERM 03 - Structural Effects on Solubility, Melting Point, and Boiling Point
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Are attractive forces between molecules
Intermolecular forces
3 types of intermolecular forces
Van der Waals, Hydrogen bonding, Ion-dipole interaction
3 types of Van der Waals forces
London, Debye, Keesom
Attractive force that arises as a result of temporary dipoles induced in atoms or molecules; weakest
London dispersion force
Electrostatic attraction between the partially positive end of one molecule and the partially negative end of a neighboring molecule
Kessom force/dipole-dipole interaction
Electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom and a lone pair of an electronegative atom in another molecule
Hydrogen bonding
Electrostatic attraction between an ion and a polar molecule
Ion-dipole interaction
The extent to which a substance is soluble
Solubility
“Like dissolves like”
Solubility rule
Measure of the ability of the solvent to separate ionic charges
Dielectric constant
The temperature at which a substance’s solid form is converted into liquid
Melting point
The temperature at which a substance’s liquid form is converted into gas
Boiling point