11.4, 11.5 Isomerism, Introduction To Mechanics
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Define “Isomer”
Different compounds with the same molecular formula.
What is structural isomerism?
Where compounds have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae.
What is chain isomerism?
Compounds with different carbon atom arrangements in chains
What is positional isomerism?
Compounds with functional groups in different positions
What is functional group isomerism?
Molecules with the same chemical formula, but different functional groups
What is a nucleophile?
An atom, or group of atoms, that donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
What is an electrophile?
An atom, or group of atoms, that accept a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
What is a mechanism?
A model used to represent the movement of electrons as reactants form a new product
What is a curly arrow used for in a mechanism?
Showing the movement of a pair of electrons.
What are the two ways that a bond can break?
Homolytic fission or heterolytic fission
What is homolytic fission?
When a bond breaks evenly, and each atom gets an electron
What is heterolytic fission?
When a bond breaks unevenly, and one atom gets both electrons
What does heterolytic fission form?
Ions
What does homolytic fission form?
Radicals
What is a radical?
A species with an unpaired electron
What is an addition reaction?
Two reactants joining together to form one product
What is a substitution reaction?
An atom, or group of atoms, being replaced by a different atom, or gorup of atoms
What is an elimination reaction?
The removal of a small molecule from a larger one