Applications Generation"
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instruction set
he complete set of all the instructions in machine code that can be recognised and executed by a central processing unit.t
opcode
the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed.
operand
the part of a computer instruction which specifies what data is to be manipulated or operated on, while at the same time representing the data itself
compiler
software that translates a program from high-level to machine code or a low-level language. This program will be able to run without reference to the original program.
interpreter
a type of software that executes programs not in the machine code of the computer. It reads a statement and immediately performs the required action. slightly less efficient than a compiled program,
object code
the code is generated at an intermediary stage in compilation before libraries are added to make the final machine language version of a program.
lexical analysis
A stage in compilation, commands are replaced by tokens; removal of unnecessary characters, like spaces; programmer-defined names are entered into a symbols table;
syntax analysis
At a stage in compilation, the tokens are used to build an abstract syntax tree. When the compiler checks that the code that has been written uses a valid syntax.
code generation
A stage in compilation, when a machine-code program that is equivalent to the source code is created.
optimization
A stage of compilation, removes unused lines of code, tries to replace instructions with more efficient alternatives. Happens during and after code generation.
libraries
a collection of software, including software packages, package modules that will only be required occasionally, and machine-code routines for loading into user programs.
linkers (static linking)
a software tool that combines object code with libraries. With static linking it converts it into a larger single executable file, libraries, and dynamic link lists.
Loader (dynamic linking)
It will dynamically link libraries outside the executable program when it is run. A software tool in the OS. It will load the program into RAM.
translator
a program that converts source code into machine code, through either a compiler, assembler, or interpreter
abstract syntax tree
a tree construction that is used during the syntax analysis stage of compiling. It checks that the tokens fit into the tree, and generates errors if it doesn’t
assembler
a program that converts assembly language between assembly and object code.