Digestive System
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What is ingestion?
The act of taking in food or drink into the mouth
Name a physical way of breaking down food in the mouth.
Teeth cutting and grinding the food
Name a chemical way of breaking down food in the mouth.
Salivary amylase breaks down starch into maltose
What is peristalsis?
The movement of the stomach muscles contracting and relaxing pushing the food onwards
What protects the stomach from its chemicals?
A mucus layer
What does the stomach mechanically break down food?
Churning the food
What do the valves do in the stomach?
Prevent the flow of digestive juices to the tissues
What is gastrin?
A hormone secreted by G cells in the stomach in response to eating
What are the three sections of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, Ileum
What happens in the duodenum?
Uses bile and pancreatic enzymes to digest the food
What happens in the jejunum?
Carries food through rapidly with wave-like muscle contractions
What happens in the Ileum?
Longest part of the intestines. Where most of the nutrients are absorbed before emptying into the large intestine.
what is produced in the pancreas?
Insulin, glucagon, lipase, protease, amylase
What is bile?
A yellowish-green fluid made by the liver.
What is bile made up of?
Bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, water
What do bile salts help with?
Emulsifying lipids by forming micelles
When bile enters the duodenum what does it do.
Because bile is an alkaline substance it neutralises stomach acid
What are the 4 layers of the ilium?
Serosa, muscle layer, sub mucosa, mucosa
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
Control the passage of chyme into the duodenum