Finals Jeopardy studying

1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids built by dehydration synthesis can be saturated or unsaturated

Instead of 3rd fatty acid, they have a phosphate group. Used in cell membranes

4 interconnected Carbon rings. -OH group is connected its called sterol. Important in mycoplasma bacteria and plants and fungi membranes

mycolic acid in mycobacterium cell wall

hormones, antibodies, receptors, cytoskeleton, membrane transporters, exotoxins, and bacteriocins

RNA: has an extra OH and has Uracil instead of thymine. And tends to be single-stranded. DNA: found in cells, it has -H instead of the -OH in RNA. It has thymine instead of uracil. It has two nucleotide strands held together by H bonds.

used visible light to observe a specimen through a single lens

Multiple lenses, pathways of light, light travels through the condenser, specimen, objective lens, prism, and eventually to the ocular lens into the line of vision.

the specimen appears against a bright background

Only light reflected by the specimen is seen. Useful for viewing microbes that won’t take up a stain

Light bending waves. It allows you to view living organisms.

2 beams of light are there, and each one is split by a prism which adds to the brightly colored 3D image of the microbe

Antibodies from donated serum are mixed with fluorochrome and injected into serum, where they light up once they connect with the antigen

gram staining acid-fast endospores

Margulis: Endosymbiont theory (mitochondria and chloroplast used to be free-living prokaryotes) Lancefield: Created a classification system for B- hemolytic streptococci

eukaryotes: linear chomosomes, hostones proteins, organelles, cell walls that don’t contain peptidoglycan. Prokaryotes: circular chromosomes, supercoiling with HU proteins to make DNA fit in cell, toxins,drug resistance, on plasmids. peptidoglycan, binary fission, bacteria and archaea,

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Protein, Nucleic Acid, Carbohydrates, lipids, Protein: Amino Acid Nucleic Acid: Nucleotides Carbs: Glucose Lipids: Glycerol+ Fatty Acids

Peritrichous: many flagella all over.​ Monotrichous: only one on one end.​ Lophotrichous: lop-sided with lots on one end.​ Amphitrichous: on both ends.​

7 = neutral less than 7 = acidic more than 7 = basic

digest/recycle damaged or old organelles essential for destroying bacteria phagocytized by leukocytes

larger molecule is formed by two smaller molecules

Break down energy is released

involve synthesis and decomposition