Exam 2 Cram
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Patients that have prehepatic jaundice rarely have bilirubin levels that exceed ___.
5.0 mg/dL.
Describe Gilbert’s syndrome.
The intermittent unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, underlying liver disease due to a defective conjugation system in the absence of hemolysis.
Describe Type I Crigler-Najjar syndrome.
Complete absence of enzymatic bilirubin conjugation.
Describe Type II Crigler-Najjar syndrome.
There is a mutation causing a severe deficiency of the enzyme responsible for bilirubin conjugation.
Post hepatic jaundice results from what condition?
Biliary obstructive disease.
Describe cirrhosis.
A condition in which scar tissue replaces normal, healthy liver tissue.
How is total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, and unconjugated bilirubin effected in a prehepatic condition?
Increased unconjugated bilirubin. Normal conjugated bilirubin. Increased total bilirubin.
How is total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, and unconjugated bilirubin effected in Gilbert’s disease?
Increased total bilirubin Normal conjugated bilirubin Increased unconjugated bilirubin.
How is total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, and unconjugated bilirubin effected in Crigler-Najjar syndrome?
Increased total bilirubin Decreased conjugated bilirubin Increased unconjugated bilirubin.
How is total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, and unconjugated bilirubin effected in a posthepatic condition?
Increased total bilirubin Increased conjugated bilirubin Increased unconjugated bilirubin.
Describe Reye’s syndrome.
Used to describe a group of disorders caused by infectious, metabolic, toxic, or drug-induced disease found exclusively in children.
Which enzymes are elevated in alcoholic fatty liver?
AST, ALT, GGT.
Which enzymes are elevated in alcoholic hepatitis?
AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP.
Which enzymes are elevated in alcoholic cirrhosis?
AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, and TBili.
The reaction of bilirubin uses what solution to form a colored product?
Diazotized sulfanilic acid.
UnconBili = TBili - ?.
ConBili.
Reference range of conjugated bilirubin.
0.0 - 0.2 mg/dL.
Reference range of unconjugated bilirubin.
0.2 - 0.8 mg/dL.
Reference range of total bilirubin.
0.2 - 1.0 mg/dL.
Describe delta bilirubin.
Bilirubin bound to albumin.
VLDL is produced primarily by the ___ and contains ___.
liver; Apo B.
LDL contains ___ and is more ___ rich than other lipoproteins.
Apo B; cholesterol.
Elevated levels of LPa are known to increase the risk of premature ___ and stroke.
CHD.
HDL contains ___.
Apo A.