Combustion
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Chimneys release sulphur dioxide. How do we get rid of sulphur? Give an equation to represent this
You use a base e.g. Calcium oxide CaO + SO2 + 1/2 O2 –> CaSO4 Also if under thermal decomposition CaCO3 + SO2 + 1/2 O2 –> CaSO4 + CO2
Give an equation for complete combustion and give the effect of this
CH4 + 2O2 –> CO2 + 2H2O 🌍global warming 🌎greenhouse effect
Give an equation for incomplete combustion and give the effect of this
CH4 + 3/2 O2 –> CO + 2H2O 🔥Silent killer 🔥 poisonous
Give an equation for very incomplete combustion and give the effect of this
CH4 + O2 –> C + 2H2O 🌑 soot 🌑global dimming
Give the equation for flue gas desulfurisation
It’s a neutralization reaction SO2 + CaO –> CaSO3 Acid + base (alkaline) –> used to make plasterboard
Write two equations of oxides of nitrogen can be formed and give the effect of them
N2 + O2 –> NO N2 + 202 –> 2NO2 🌚smog bad for lungs N2 and O2 can react because of the heat of engines
How does incomplete combustion take place?
If there is a shortage of oxygen
What does incomplete combustion produce?
🌖Cabin dioxide 🌖Water 🌖Carbon monoxide 🌖And or soot
Does incomplete combustion produce more or less energy than complete combustion?
LESS
What is carbon monoxide?
A poisonous gas because it reduces the ability of blood to carry oxygen
Give an equation to show incomplete combustion
C8H18 + 8.5 O2 –> 8CO + 9 H2O
Give the equation of the combustion of sulphur
S (s) + O2 (g). -> SO2
In the combustion of sulphur what does the universal indicator change color to?
Change red to due acid RAIN
Sulphur is an impurity in what?
All fossil fuels
Give the equations for when sulphur dioxide oxidizes turns to sulphur trioxide
S + O2 –> SO2 SO2 + 1/2 O2 –> SO3 SO3 + H2O –> H2SO4
Describe the process of Carbon Neutral
🎋 Plants absorb CO2 as they grow 🌱converted to biodiesel 🌴CO2 produced as biodiesel is burned 🚗 Cars that run on biodiesel produce very little CO2, overall as CO2 is absorbed by the plants used to make the fuel
What are free radicals in thermal decomposition?
Free radicals have an unpaired electrons making them reactive
What does volatility mean?
Evaporates easily Easily gives off vapor
Describe small molecules in burning hydrocarbons
Small molecules have weak intermolecular forces. Small surface area due to Van del Walls forces
What is needed for complete combustion?
Plenty of air is needed to provide enough oxygen for a hydrocarbon fuel to burn completely
Give an example of real life combustion
The blue flame of a gas hob or a Bunsen burner
What are the products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
Give an equation to represent complete combustion e.g. Pentane
C5H12 + 8O2 –> 5CO2 + 6H2O
Describe the burning of hydrocarbons
🏅small molecules (short chain) -complete combustion -more flammable -burns easily If this doesn't get enough oxygen then this would be incomplete combustion 🏅large molecules (long chain) • incomplete combustion • harder to burn and a smoky flame • needs more oxygen for combustion because it’s incomplete