Tetrapods
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When did tetrapods arise?
~365 MYA
What are tetrapods
4 limbed group that contains land vertebrated
What are the traits allowing tetrapods to be land animals?
-Skeletal system -Well-developed muscular system -Well-developed closed circulatory system -Neck
What is the function of skeletal system in tetrapods?
Support against getting squished by gravity
What is the function of muscular system?
Chase prey and run away from predators
What is the function of closed circulatory system?
Supports rapid delivery of oxygen to muscles/organs
What is the function of the neck?
look around to find prey/run away from predators
What is the famous transition fossil called and what did it show?
Tiktaalik, showed an intermediate form between lung fish and first tetrapods
What does a transition fossil show?
Intermediate traits between two groups of organisms in their evolutionary development
What were the first group of land animals to arise?
Amphibians
What are included in amphibians?
Frogs and legless amphibians: salamanders and caecilians
What are the traits of amphibians?
• Larval stage: gills for breathing in water • Adult stage: on land, have lungs for air breathing • Most need to breathe through their skin • Lungs use ancestral pump that isn’t sufficient for moving air • Eggs have no shell and will dry out in air. Need to lay in water to survive
What is the group that contains the reptiles and mammals called?
Amniotes
What does the amniotic egg contain?
-Amnion: membrane that protects against shock -Allantois: waste deposition chamber -Chorion: gas exchange membrane -Yolk: nutrient storage area
What does the development of a robust rib cage allow for adult amniotes?
Allows diaphragm breathing which is more efficient than amphibian buccal breathing system
What do tetrapods include?
Birds, mammals, primates, amniotes,
Birds are ___ that are ___
Reptiles, endothermic