Chapter 13 - Soluability & Concentration
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Solubility
The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a certain volume of solvent at a given temperature, measured in g/100g.
Saturated Solution
A solution that cannot dissolve anymore solute into it.
Unsaturated Solution
A solution that can still dissolve solute into it.
Supersaturated Solution
A solution that contains more solute that a saturated solution, making it unstable. Will readily form a precipitate.
Solubility Curve
A graph showing the change in solubility as temperature changes.
Solvent
The substance that the solute is dissolved into.
Solute
The substance that dissolves in the solvent.
Solution
A homogeneous (evenly distributed) mixture of two or more substances (a solute and solvent).
Crystallisation
The process of creating solids (crystals) as a saturated solution cools or evaporates.
Concentration
The amount of solute that is dissolved in a solution.
Dilute
A solution that has low amounts of solute.
Concentrated
A solution that has high amounts of solute.
Concentration (grams/litre)
mass of solute (grams) / volume of solution (litres)
Concentration (parts per million; ppm)
mass of solute (milligrams) / volume of solution (kg)
Concentration (percentage by volume; v/v)
volume of solute / volume of solution x 100
Concentration (mass by volume; m/v)
mass of solute (grams) / volume of solution (millilitres) x 100
Concentration (moles/litre)
c = n / V (concentration in molar = amount of mol / volume in litres)
Molarity
Concentration measured in the unit mol/L or molar (M).
Dilution Formula
c1V1 = c2V2 (initial concentration x initial volume = final concentration x final volume).