APES Unit 2 Unit Test Review

The idea that higher biodiversity reduces the risk of disease transmission by diluting the pool of hosts that can spread pathogens.

Breaking up large areas of habitat, affecting species diversity and disease dynamics.

Ecological changes at the boundary of fragmented habitats. Can alter environmental conditions, such as temperature, light, and wind exposure.

The ability of a host to carry and transmit a disease.

Organisms with a narrow ecological niche.

Species that thrive in a wide range of environments.

Larger areas support more species.

Speciation due to geographic isolation.

Structures that connect fragmented habitats, allowing species movement.

Speciation occurring without geographic separation.

Stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection.

U.S. law that prohibits the hunting and harassment of marine mammals to protect their populations and habitats.

U.S. law aimed at protecting threatened and endangered species and their habitats from extinction.

The balance between species immigration and extinction on islands.

The process by which species change over time, driven by natural selection and genetic drift.

The process where two or more species influence each other’s evolution through reciprocal adaptations over time

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Random changes in the genetic composition of a population​.

A sharp reduction in the size of a population, leading to decreased genetic diversity.

When a new population is started by a small number of individuals, leading to reduced genetic diversity.

The range of environmental conditions that an organism can withstand.

The study of the species composition and species richness on islands.

Small-scale evolutionary changes within a species or population, often resulting from processes like natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift.

Large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over long periods, leading to the emergence of new species and higher taxonomic groups.