The respiratory system
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What is the purpose of the respiratory system?
-Brings in oxygen; removes carbon dioxide and waste -Oxygen is transported around the body by the respiratory system -Cells in the body use oxygen for cellular respiration, which produces carbon dioxide
Functions of the nasal passage?
-Lined with a mucous membrane -Membranes are covered in cilia -Cilia move in a wave-like motion to trap germs in the back of the throat -Air is warmed by capillaries in the nasal passage
Functions of the trachea?
-Held open by c-shaped cartilage rings for air to flow freely to the lungs - Also have cilia to filter air
Functions of the bronchi?
-Trachea splits into 2 bronchi -Bronchi take filtered air to the lungs -Held open by cartilage rings
Functions of the bronchiole?
-Bronchus splits into many smaller tubes (Bronchioles) -Bronchioles branch into the lungs
Functions of the alveoli?
-Millions of air sacs at the end of the bronchioles -They have very thin cells for gaseous exchange -They are surrounded by many capillaries
What are lungs?
-Spongy elastic structures -They are inside the chest cavity
What are the lungs protected by?
-Vertebrae (At the back) -Ribs (On the sides) -Sternum (In the front) -Diaphragm (At the bottom)
What is gaseous exchange?
-Exchange of gases between blood, body cells, and air in the lungs
What is diffusion?
-Air moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
How does gasesous exchange between capillaries and body cells work?
-Oxygen will diffuse from the blood into cells -Carbon dioxide will diffuse from cells into the blood
What muscles are involved in the breathing process?
-Diaphragm -Intercostal Muscles
What is lung cancer?
-Tar forms a sticky layer in the lungs which damages the lungs, and less oxygen is absorbed -Smoke damages air passages and alveoli Causes excess mucus to collect and makes it hard to breathe -Cancerous tumors can grow in the lungs
What is emphysema?
-Smoke irritates the alveoli walls, causing them to burst Results in huge spaces- Reduction in surface area of the alveoli -Carbon dioxide builds up and can’t escape -A person experiences shortness of breath
What is asthma? (Attack)
-Air passages become irritated and swell -Air passage muscles contract, and mucus is produced in the alveoli; very little air can pass through -Symptoms include: Wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness
What is bronchitis?
-Air passages in the lungs get irritated and swell -Air passages produce more mucus and block them -Less air can leave and enter the lungs -Symptoms include: Shortness, coughing, Caused by: Virus, bacterial infections, pollution, smoking